I will introduce the attempts at "academic fusion" that I have been discussing with people from other fields, including those in the humanities, beyond my area of expertise.

As examples of the integration of informatics and biology, we introduce genome decoding and vertebrate genome evolution, mammalian siRNA sequence design, and phenotypic analysis of budding yeast mutants. We will also discuss the ingenuity that led to the publication of the paper, and the research fields that are currently undergoing academic fusion.

In international watersheds consisting of the territories of several countries, disputes between watershed countries have been occurring since ancient times, and the relationship is expected to become more strained in the future. On the other hand, in a basin where socio-economic interactions among basin countries have been developing, it is no longer the case that upstream countries are always uncompromising towards downstream countries. International organizations cannot be said to function as a mediator when disputes arise among basin countries, but rather play an important role in creating a framework for basin countries to cooperate.