Since the 1960s, the exploration of planets has developed using two methods: remote sensing exploration by close flying and orbiting, and surface material analysis by landing. The other is surface material analysis by landing. However, both of them are passively measuring the surface of the planet, and it has been difficult to find out what kind of materials are hidden under the surface of the planet. In order to solve this problem, an impact survey method has been proposed, in which an artificial object is impacted on the surface of a planet to excavate and investigate the material inside the planet. In this talk, I will describe NASA's Deep Impact mission, which is a comet exploration using this method, including the results of observations with the Subaru Telescope in Japan. In addition, I will introduce the LCROSS lunar polar exploration scheduled for this year as the second phase of the collisional drilling exploration.

I am sure that everyone has had the experience of collecting insects with a net at least once in their childhood. I was also passionate about collecting butterflies from elementary school to junior high school, and at the time when I had the most specimens, I owned about 160 species. After a while, I forgot all about it, but when I was assigned to a university laboratory, my professor gave me the theme of purifying and determining the structure of "insect peptide hormones. Since then, I have continued my research on insects for about 30 years. During that time, he has conducted research on peptide purification and structure determination, as well as on genetic engineering and genome deciphering, changing his methods in line with advances in science and technology. In this lecture, I would like to introduce the research on insects that I have been conducting.

　Facilitation comprises a historically overlooked but crucial type of biotic interactions. Here I describe how facilitation may be included in evolutionary theory.