There is a great variety of shapes and forms of living things that exist on the earth. In many cases, these diverse shapes and forms are created based on the genetic information of each organism in the process of repeated cell division and multiplication of a single-celled fertilized egg. With the remarkable progress in developmental biology in recent years, we can now understand the mechanisms that create the shapes and forms of living things in the language of genes. In this context, research on Drosophila has made a great contribution.

In contrast to microeconomics, which was developed based on logical positivism, the methodology of macroeconomics, founded by Keynes, is influenced by hermeneutic phenomenology. Assuming that society is one unified organism, the methodology of social science explains the possibility of unification through hermeneutic phenomenology.　

In chemical processes, highly reactive reactive species, which are molecules and atoms excited, dissociated, or ionized, are often used. At first glance, there seems to be no relationship between "plasma" and "chemical processes," but the electrons generated in plasma are useful in many chemical processes because they efficiently generate active species. Recently, research on the use of atmospheric pressure plasmas, which are available under atmospheric pressure, has been conducted for environmental, energy, and medical applications. This paper describes the basics of active species in plasmas and their application technologies.